What is Stainless Steel ?

Stainless steel’s resistance to corrosion and staining, low maintenance and familiar luster make it an ideal material for many applications. There are over 150 grades of stainless steel, of which fifteen are most commonly used. The alloy is milled into coils, sheets, plates, bars, wire, and tubing to be used in cookware, cutlery, household hardware, surgical instruments, major appliances, industrial equipment (for example, in sugar refineries) and as an automotive and aerospace structural alloy and construction material in large buildings. Storage tanks and tankers used to transport orange juice and other food are often made of stainless steel, because of its corrosion resistance. This also influences its use in commercial kitchens and food processing plants, as it can be steam-cleaned and sterilized and does not need paint or other surface finishes.

Types of Stainless Steel

There are different types of Stainless Steel used in industries. Based on micro structure SS can be classified as

· Austenitic stainless steel

· Ferritic stainless steel

· Martensitic stainless steel

· Precipitation Hardened stainless steel

· Duplex / Super Duplex stainless steel

Austenitic stainless steel

· Austenitic stainless steel is non-magnetic in nature and has very high corrosion resistance.

· High Corrosion resistance at temp up to 1500°F.

· Hardenable by cold working.

· Face centered Cubic –FCC (fine grain structure).

· Possess high impact strength at low temp.

· These types of SS are widely used in the process industry and a variety of industrial applications, cookwares are also manufactured from Austenitic stainless steel.

· Type 304, 304L, 316, 316L are some of the examples of Austenitic stainless steel.

Martensitic stainless steel

· Martensitic stainless steel has high hardness and poor corrosion resistance than austenitic SS.

· Heat treatable to high hardness level.

· Crystallographic form-distorted structure.

· It used in the manufacturing of sports knives and multi-purpose tools.

· Type 410,420 are examples of Martensitic stainless steel.

Precipitation Hardened stainless steel

· Precipitation Hardened stainless steel is magnetic and heat treatable to high strength, it has a very high strength-to-weight ratio with good corrosion resistance.

· It used in making aerospace components and springs.

· 17-7PH, 17-4PH are examples of Precipitation Hardened stainless steel.

Duplex / Super Duplex stainless steel

· Duplex and Super Duplex stainless steel contain both Austenite and Ferrite in the microstructure

· Offers benefits of both Austenite & Ferrite stainless steel

· Good resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion.

· High strength and high resistance to stress corrosion cracking.

· Used in the seawater system, heat exchanger, and structural application

· EX- UNS S32205, S31803, S32760 are examples of Duplex and Super Duplex stainless steel

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